Image format

TIFF

Tagged raster storage for scanning and image interchange. Compression, sample types and image count depend on the TIFF variant.

Explore the format

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Marked paths may need steps such as flattening, rasterization, tone mapping or animation loss.

Convert to TIFF

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Marked paths may need steps such as flattening, rasterization, tone mapping or animation loss.

About TIFF

Tagged Image File Format

TIFF is a tagged container for raster images, developed around scanning and desktop publishing. Image file directories describe each image and locate its pixel data. Tags specify dimensions, sample interpretation, compression and other properties, so a TIFF extension does not identify a single pixel encoding.

The specification supports multiple image directories, strips or tiles, several colour models and extra samples that can describe alpha. Uncompressed storage and lossless compression are possible, while JPEG-compressed variants may be lossy. Extended sample types and tags require agreement between writer and reader; multi-image storage is not animation.

Use TIFF for scans, rendered editing masters and workflows that need tagged, high-precision raster interchange. Keep the chosen sample depth and compression explicit. Applications may read only the first image or ignore unfamiliar tags; a flattened export cannot preserve every page, channel or application-specific editing structure.

Key capabilities

Compression
Depends on variant
Transparency
Yes
Animation
No
Extensions
.tif .tiff
MIME type
image/tiff
Metadata
TIFF tags, Exif, ICC
Best for
Scans & raster interchange
Multiple images
Image directories
Colour depth
Tagged sample types

TIFF is not intrinsically lossless or uncompressed. Read the Compression, BitsPerSample and SampleFormat tags; decoder support varies across schemes.

History of TIFF

TIFF’s revision history follows raster interchange for publishing, then extensions used by photographic and other imaging workflows.

  1. 1986–1988

    Early revisions

    The TIFF 6.0 specification records the earlier Aldus-era revisions and their corrections. Tagged directories allow applications to describe pixel data without fixing one universal encoding.

  2. 1992

    TIFF 6.0

    Revision 6.0 is dated 3 June 1992. It separates baseline requirements from extensions, helping implementers distinguish common interchange from more specialised features.

  3. Adobe technical notes

    Published extensions

    Adobe publishes Photoshop and PageMaker TIFF technical notes alongside the core specification. Application-specific information supplements the baseline rather than replacing TIFF’s directory structure.

  4. 2004

    A basis for Digital Negative

    Adobe’s DNG specification extends TIFF 6.0 for camera raw information. This illustrates reuse of TIFF tags and directories, but a DNG is not interchangeable with an ordinary rendered TIFF.

TIFF compared

Different formats, different trade-offs. Choose for the image and the workflow.

PNG

TIFF vs PNG

PNG preserves decoded pixels losslessly and can carry alpha. It is useful for transparent graphics and screenshots; it does not preserve editable document layers or camera sensor data, and photographic files can be large.

JPEG

TIFF vs JPEG

JPEG makes a compact photographic delivery file, but ordinary JPEG discards detail and has no alpha. Keep the richer source for editing and use JPEG when the receiving workflow expects an opaque photo.

PSD

TIFF vs PSD

PSD preserves Photoshop layers, masks and document resources. Keep it for continued editing; a flattened raster export is easier to distribute but cannot recreate the original layer structure.

EXR

TIFF vs EXR

OpenEXR keeps high-dynamic-range channels with half, float or unsigned integer samples. It suits compositing and render passes; channels, deep data and compression choices need a compatible reader and deliberate export settings.

TIFF FAQ

What does this format store?

TIFF is a tagged container for raster images, developed around scanning and desktop publishing. Image file directories describe each image and locate its pixel data. Tags specify dimensions, sample interpretation, compression and other properties, so a TIFF extension does not identify a single pixel encoding.

How does compression affect quality?

TIFF is not intrinsically lossless or uncompressed. Read the Compression, BitsPerSample and SampleFormat tags; decoder support varies across schemes.

Can TIFF hold several pages and alpha?

It can hold multiple image directories and extra alpha samples. These features depend on the file and application; multiple images do not imply timed animation or Photoshop-style editable layers.

What should I check before opening the file?

Check compression scheme, sample type, alpha convention and all image directories. A baseline TIFF reader is not guaranteed to understand every extension or unusually large TIFF variant.

What changes when I export to another format?

Choose which image to export and preserve required resolution and colour information. A single ordinary JPEG drops additional images and alpha and usually reduces precision; lossless targets cannot recover an already lossy TIFF image.

When is this format useful?

Use TIFF for scans, rendered editing masters and workflows that need tagged, high-precision raster interchange. Keep the chosen sample depth and compression explicit. Applications may read only the first image or ignore unfamiliar tags; a flattened export cannot preserve every page, channel or application-specific editing structure.

Sources